The prevalence of mobile devices, such as smartphones, has triggered challenges for mobile networks worldwide, as well as novel classifications, such as collective knowledge classified into individual or group, internal or external, full or partial domains.
For example, a conglomeration of sensor data stored on cloud infrastructure can be designed as big data sensing, and based on the reach of its sensing requests and requirements, it can be referred to as a) private, b) public, c) community, or d) hybrid big data sensing. In crowdsourcing, regarding the boundaries of the individual scope in which crowds collaborators are immersed, the reach can be classified as ranging from small to large-scale (from a person to a group, community, city, and so forth).